What exactly is fibre optic cable? How does it work? What distinguishes it from other types of infrastructure? You can read about this and much more below.

What is fibre optic cable? Specifics and principles of operation of the technology.

Let’s start by discussing the infrastructure itself. Fibre optics is a specialised type of cabling made of glass fibres. It consists of three layers:

• core – transports light,
• cladding – reflects light to the core,
• coating – protects the entire structure.

Data is transmitted using light pulses*, which (when introduced into the fibre core) reflect off the walls and travel through the entire tunnel. Converters are installed at the ends of the optical fibre, which are responsible for converting the light signal into an electrical signal (and vice versa), enabling further communication, e.g. with a router.

* When using traditional IT infrastructure (copper cables), electrical signals are used instead of light.

Types of optical fibres – what are they and how do they differ?

In this regard, we can talk about two main types:

• Single-mode fibre optic cables – have a very thin core that transports a single mode of light. The signal can travel tens of kilometres without losing any quality. Used for communication between cities and even countries.
• Multimode fibre optic cables – have a thicker core, which supports multiple modes of light. Their range is up to several kilometres, which is why they are used locally.

What speed can the internet reach?

Standard fibre optic internet offers start at 300 Mbps, and their maximum values can easily reach up to 1 Gbps. Importantly, unlike traditional internet, with this technology there is no significant difference between download and upload speeds. They are usually minimal, and in many cases, the upload speed is equal to the download speed.

The technology has enormous development potential. In theory, fibre optics are capable of reaching speeds of terabits per second.

How does fibre optic connection work in practice?

The first necessary step is to verify availability, i.e. whether the appropriate infrastructure is available at your address. If it is, the next step is to install a fibre optic socket and configure the router. A technician checks the signal quality and performs speed tests.

If not, bringing in the fibre is a precise and complicated process. The cable is very delicate, which means that those responsible for its installation must use special techniques. The whole process usually takes 2 to 4 weeks.

Is it worth it? The advantages and limitations of fibre optic internet.

The main advantages include, of course: very high data transmission speed, minimal delays and stability.

On the other hand, the biggest challenges are: limited availability (related to location and receiving equipment), relatively high installation costs and sensitivity to mechanical damage (which is costly and complicated to repair).

Would you like to implement professional fibre optic solutions in your company?

Modern infrastructure (including fibre optics) is the basis for an efficient business. Our experience in network design will allow you to exploit the full potential of the technology. If you would like to find out more, please contact us and arrange a meeting with our experts. We offer consulting services, ongoing support and a range of other IT services (including outsourcing and administration).